In recent years, peptides have been widely used in pharmaceutical and chemical industry, food chemical industry, skin care products, biotechnology and other industries. By the wide attention and attention of all walks of life! So what is peptide?
Peptide is a compound formed by α - amino acids linked together by peptide bond, which is the intermediate product of protein hydrolysis. The compound formed by dehydration and condensation of two amino acid molecules is called dipeptide. Similarly, there are tripeptide, tetrapeptide and pentapeptide. Peptides are usually formed by dehydration and condensation of 10-100 amino acid molecules. Proteins are sometimes called peptides. Peptides, also known as peptides, were discovered in the 20th century. There are two kinds of peptides: bioactive peptides and synthetic peptides.
Many active substances in the human body are in the form of peptides. Peptides are involved in various fields of human hormones, nerves, cell growth and reproduction. Their importance lies in regulating the physiological functions of various systems and cells in the body, activating the relevant enzyme systems in the body, promoting the permeability of the intermediate metabolic membrane, or controlling DNA transcription or influencing specific protein synthesis to produce specific physiological effects. Proteins and peptides play an important role in the development of life science. In recent years, it has been widely valued and applied to starvation.
So for the polypeptide industry, how is its development? Today, let's take you to understand the chronicle of peptide development.
In 1902, Bayliss and Starling, two physiologists from the University of London medical school, first discovered the peptide substance (secretin) in human body. Because of its far-reaching influence, the Nobel Prize Committee awarded them the Nobel Prize in physiology. So far, polypeptide materials officially appeared in scientific research, and laid the foundation for the long-term development.
In 1931, a neuropeptide named substance P was discovered by scientists. It can stimulate smooth muscle and relax blood vessels, thus lowering blood pressure.
In 1952, biochemist Stanley Cohen found that the growth of sympathetic nerve fiber and the enlargement of ganglion in mice were accelerated, which was caused by a polypeptide called nerve growth factor (NGF).
In 1953, the biochemical team led by vigneand completed the synthesis of bioactive peptide catalytic element for the first time.
In 1958, Dr. Herber Boyer, a professor of American Jewish biochemist at the University of California in the United States, devoted himself to the research of active polypeptide (hGH) for 38 years. It was successfully developed by cell recombination technology. It controlled the quantity, quality and speed of protein synthesis, and controlled human diseases and aging. Because of the discovery of active peptides and the role of active peptides, and won the Nobel Prize in biology in that year.
In 1965, Chinese scientists completed the synthesis of crystalline bovine insulin, which was the first synthetic peptide bioactive substance in the world. This insulin was 51 peptide, which laid the foundation for the development of peptide industry in China.
In the 1970s, the research of neuropeptides entered the peak, enkephalin and opioid peptide were discovered one after another. Human began to study the effect of peptides on biological embryonic development.
In 1975, Hughes and costeliz isolated endogenous peptides from human and animal nervous tissues, which opened up a new field of biopharmaceutical "cell growth regulator".
In 1987, the United States approved the first genetic drug, human insulin.
In the 1990s, the human gene project was launched. With the decryption of one gene after another, the research and application of polypeptides are booming. It has been found that all the life phenomena of gene expression are presented by proteins, and genes are the information instructions of protein synthesis, but all physiological activities of human body need protein to complete ultimately. So scientists are looking at another big project in bioengineering, the proteome project.
In 1990, Dr. Rudman formally put forward hGH theory to explain the causes of human diseases and aging, and applied hGH to the field of anti-aging and disease prevention for the first time. On April 19 of that year, the New York Times published a full page report entitled "the magic hGH of the source of life".
Polypeptide drugs are a kind of drugs with extremely rapid market growth. In the past decade, the compound growth rate was as high as 10.80%. In the next 10 years, according to the conservative estimation of 6% compound growth rate, the peptide Market in 2025 will reach 40 billion US dollars. The 21st century is the era of bioengineering, and the life cycle of peptide drugs is longer than that of common drugs.
